*Dr. Tahira Mumtaz and Amina Tahir (2026) “Afghanistan and Pakistan’s Security Paradigm: Assessing Contemporary Risks and Strategic Realities”, Journal of Social Signs Review, 4(6), pp. 58–78. Available at: https://www.socialsignsreivew.com/index.php/12/article/view/589 (Accessed: 20 June 2026).